 |
Characteristics:
- Stresses
rebirth, "new creation" myth, need for new community/outlook
-
Creates distinct hierarchies with father figure at top—focus
on youth
-
Emerges during/at a crisis period
-
Breaks radically and absolutely from decadent past
-
Develops trope of young, healthy body
-
Excludes contagion or weak element
-
Maintains relationship with phantom "other"
-
Collapses social body, national body, and individual body
-
Combines traditional with modern to evoke progress
-
Recruits believers by being psychologically hegemonic (you
can only see fascism when you are outside of it)
|
http://linesonpaper.tripod.com/zcoll.jpg.
Viewed on 4/24/04.
|
How to do fascism:
- Believe
that we are living in a classless society
-
Continually gauge your proximity to a messianic leader (physically,
hierarchically, ceremonially)
-
Pit workers against intellectuals- do not tolerate those
who critique "One people/One land" ideology
-
Offer affirmation/security/recognition to fellow members
of the One body
|
http://www.crrl.com.fr/archives/expo19-39/guide/part8.htm.
Viewed on 4/20/04.
|
Performance of Fascism:
| Style: |
Rhetoric: |
- Charismatic
national identity is goal
- Relies
heavily on ritual and ceremony
- Immediate,
rational appeal
- Not
imposed by visible force
- Emphasis
on iconographic repetition to evoke unity
- Fun,
light mood that develops into terrorizing apparatus
- People
allow control to avoid conflict
- Psychological
splitting as a result of trauma
- Surveillance
as leader's right
- Ultimate
goal is to create citizens and believers
- Cooperation
with other countries is not an option
|
- Creation
of a community, bond
- Seductive
use of sensational tropes
- One
body, One nation as fantasy
-
Emphasis on pyramids/apex = leader
- Fear
of becoming/being the invisible Other
- Based
on Platonic model (catharsis, purgation)
- Consumer/citizen
roles defined in relationship to demographics (age, $, etc.)
|
Fascist scholarship and speech trends:
| Scholarship: |
Speeches: |
- Political
systems are on an evolutionary, hierarchical scale
- Agenda
is self-consciously revisionary
- Fascism
is viewed as a successful, necessary project
|
- Subtly
persuasive
-
More clearly propagandist
- Potential
danger lies largely in its performance
- Use
of "WE"
- Naturalized
and in-the-moment
|
Fascist Economic System:
-
Corporate
Capitalism
-
Anti-liberal
-
Strictly Nationalist
-
State-run
-
Hermetic
|
| http://www.charleslipson.com/speechtopics/Turning-Points-of-the-Twentieth-Century.htm.
Viewed on 4/20/04. |
|
 ,
|
A Comparison of two paradigms:
| COLONIALISM | FASCISM |
- System
of domination
-
No need for popular compliance: violence
-
Rhetorically, missionary in aim
-
All is Self/Other
-
Typically international
-
Self policing the land/others
-
Audience is at distance
|
- System
of compliance
-
Need for the popular compliance: persuasive
-
Discursively, there is no apparent Other
-
All is One
-
Typically intranational
-
Self policing the Self
- Audience
is immediate
|
|
Self/Other
|
Self/Other |
- There
are always two parties involved
-
The social body is represented as fractured: the haves and
the have-nots
|
- The
whole social body is represented in identical bodies at
the service of the One
-
The whole social body is endangered by “outside”
contagion or external disease
-
The militarization of body that determines an individual’s
value by that individual’s biological and physical
condition
|
*Click
on the images below to go to case studies
|
